While all‑electronic tolling (AET) has transformed how highways collect tolls, it has created a hidden $2.24 billion annual challenge for U.S. toll authorities: revenue leakage. Even as more roads move away from cash booths and toward digital systems, breakdowns in billing and collection — such as unreadable license plates, ineffective invoicing processes, and unpaid toll‑by‑plate charges — mean billions that should be collected never reach the agencies that depend on them. This gap isn’t just a one‑off accounting quirk — without better customer account conversion, modern payment options, and back‑end processing improvements, revenue leakage continues to grow worse before it gets better.